Named data networking for efficient IoT-based disaster management in a smart campus

Disasters are uncertain occasions that can impose a drastic impact on human life and building infrastructures. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a vital role in coping with such situations by enabling and integrating multiple technological resources to develop Disaster Management Systems (DMSs). In this context, a majority of the existing DMSs use networking architectures based upon the Internet Protocol (IP) focusing on location-dependent communications. However, IP-based communications face the limitations of inefficient bandwidth utilization, high processing, data security, and excessive memory intake. To address these issues, Named Data Networking (NDN) has emerged as a promising communication paradigm, which is based on the Information-Centric Networking (ICN) architecture. An NDN is among the self-organizing communication networks that reduces the complexity of networking systems in addition to provide content security. Given this, many NDN-based DMSs have been proposed. The problem with the existing NDN-based DMS is that they use a PULL-based mechanism that ultimately results in higher delay and more energy consumption. In order to cater for time-critical scenarios, emergence-driven network engineering communication and computation models are required. In this paper, a novel DMS is proposed, i.e., Named Data Networking Disaster Management (NDN-DM), where a producer forwards a fire alert message to neighbouring consumers. This makes the nodes converge according to the disaster situation in a more efficient and secure way. Furthermore, we consider a fire scenario in a university campus and mobile nodes in the campus collaborate with each other to manage the fire situation. The proposed framework has been mathematically modeled and formally proved using timed automata-based transition systems and a real-time model checker, respectively. Additionally, the evaluation of the proposed NDM-DM has been performed using NS2. The results prove that the proposed scheme has reduced the end-to-end delay up from 2% to 10% and minimized up to 20% energy consumption, as energy improved from 3% to 20% compared with a state-of-the-art NDN-based DMS

Testing of Level Shifters in Multiple Voltage Designs

The use of multiple voltages for different cores is becoming a widely accepted technique for efficient power management. Level shifters are used as interfaces between voltage domains. Through extensive transistor level simulations of resistive open, bridging and resistive short faults, we have classified the testing of level shifters into PASSIVE and ACTIVE modes. We examine if high test coverage can be achieved in the PASSIVE mode. We consider resistive opens and shorts and show that, for testing purposes, consideration of purely digital fault effects is sufficient. Thus conventional digital DfT can be employed to test level shifters. In all cases, we conclude that using sets of single supply voltages for testing is sufficient

ANALYSIS OF INVISIBLE CHILD LABOUR IN HAYATABAD, PESHAWAR

This study was undertaken in Hayatabad Town, Peshawar. The study investigates socio-economic factors affecting invisible child labour. The study was based on a sample of 95 households and the data were collected in July 2006. The study found that although the wages of working children were small but they contributed significantly to their households’ income. More than half of the working children were not satisfied with their present job and their employers and more than half of working children reported that their employers were harsh with them. The regression results showed that household income, landholdings and parents’ education were significant determinants of invisible child labour in the study area.Invisible child labour, poverty, Hayatabad, Pakistan

PENERAPAN METODE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DALAM MENINGKATKAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK DALAM MENYIKAPI DAMPAK PERTAMBANGAN

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh apa yang terjadi di lapangan yaitu banyaknya kerusakan lingkungan di sekitar lingkungan SMP 2 Palimanan yang salah satu penyebab besarnya adalah berdirinya beberapa pertambangan batu alam. Peneliti melihat bahwa perubahan lingkungan ini harus dilakukan melalui sebuah pembelajaran untuk supaya proses perubahan lingkungan ini tidak terlalu luas lagi. Oleh karena itu peneliti melakukan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) sebagai bentuk antisipasi dan perbaikan masalah perubahan lingkungan peserta didik dengan cara memberikan pengetahuan agar supaya peserta didik mau berperan aktif dalam menghadapi perubahan ini dengan sama-sama berpikir kritis untuk menemukan solusi mengatasi permasalahan bersama. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan sebanyak tiga siklus dengan Sembilan kali pertemuan, diperoleh peningkatan berpikir kritis peserta didik baik aspek pengetahuan (head/cognitive), aspek sikap (heart/emotional) dan aspek keterampilan (hand/active). Sebagaimana data menunjukan bahwa nilai kompetensi berpikir kritis peserta didik setiap siklus mengalami perubahan seperti awalnya berada pada rentang nilai 65 dengan kategori “kurang”, meningkat menjadi 74 pada siklus kedua dengan kategori “cukup” dan pada siklus ketiga meningkat menjadi 85 dengan kategori “baik” dengan rata-rata peningkatan 9% - 10%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode Problem Based Learning dengan pendekatan kontekstual mampu meningkatkan berpikir kritis peserta didik serta dapat diterapkan di sekolah menengah pertama lainya.;---This research is motivated by what happens on the pitch is the amount of environmental damage in the surrounding environment of SMP 2 palimanan that one of the causes is the establishment of several mining the magnitude of natural stone. Researchers saw that environmental changes have to be done through a process of learning to change the environment so that it is not too widely. Therefore, the researchers conducted a Class Action Research ( PTK ) as a form of anticipation and fixes the problem of environmental changes learners by giving them the knowledge so that learners want to play an active role in the face of these changes with the equally critical thinking to find a solution to overcome the problems together. Based on the results of a classroom action research conducted three cycles of nine meetings , obtained an increase in critical thinking of students both aspects of knowledge, aspect attitude, and aspects of skills. As the data shows that the competence of critical thinking of students each cycle changes as initially be in the range value of 65 to the category of " less ". increased to 74 in the second cycle to the category of " enough " and in the third cycle increased to 85 with the categories of "good " with an average increase of 9 % - 10 %. It can be concluded that the use of Problem Based Learning method with a contextual approach can improve critical thinking of learners and can be applied in other secondary schools

Enhancing Physical Layer Security in AF Relay Assisted Multi-Carrier Wireless Transmission

In this paper, we study the physical layer security (PLS) problem in the dual hop orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless communication system. First, we consider a single user single relay system and study a joint power optimization problem at the source and relay subject to individual power constraint at the two nodes. The aim is to maximize the end to end secrecy rate with optimal power allocation over different sub-carriers. Later, we consider a more general multi-user multi-relay scenario. Under high SNR approximation for end to end secrecy rate, an optimization problem is formulated to jointly optimize power allocation at the BS, the relay selection, sub-carrier assignment to users and the power loading at each of the relaying node. The target is to maximize the overall security of the system subject to independent power budget limits at each transmitting node and the OFDMA based exclusive sub-carrier allocation constraints. A joint optimization solution is obtained through duality theory. Dual decomposition allows to exploit convex optimization techniques to find the power loading at the source and relay nodes. Further, an optimization for power loading at relaying nodes along with relay selection and sub carrier assignment for the fixed power allocation at the BS is also studied. Lastly, a sub-optimal scheme that explores joint power allocation at all transmitting nodes for the fixed subcarrier allocation and relay assignment is investigated. Finally, simulation results are presented to validate the performance of the proposed schemes.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted in Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies (ETT), formerly known as European Transactions on Telecommunications (ETT

Dynamic Voltage Scaling Aware Delay Fault Testing

The application of Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) to reduce energy consumption may have a detrimental impact on the quality of manufacturing tests employed to detect permanent faults. This paper analyses the influence of different voltage/frequency settings on fault detection within a DVS application. In particular, the effect of supply voltage on different types of delay faults is considered. This paper presents a study of these problems with simulation results. We have demonstrated that the test application time increases as we reduce the test voltage. We have also shown that for newer technologies we do not have to go to very low voltage levels for delay fault testing. We conclude that it is necessary to test at more than one operating voltage and that the lowest operating voltage does not necessarily give the best fault cover

Publication Trends in Physics Education: A Bibliometric study

A publication trend in Physics Education by employing bibliometric analysis leads the researchers to describe current scientific movement. This paper tries to answer "What do Physics education scientists concentrate in their publications?" by analyzing the productivity and development of publications on the subject category of Physics Education in the period 1980--2013. The Web of Science databases in the research areas of "EDUCATION - EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH" was used to extract the publication trends. The study involves 1360 publications, including 840 articles, 503 proceedings paper, 22 reviews, 7 editorial material, 6 Book review, and one Biographical item. Number of publications with "Physical Education" in topic increased from 0.14 % (n = 2) in 1980 to 16.54 % (n = 225) in 2011. Total number of receiving citations is 8071, with approximately citations per papers of 5.93. The results show the publication and citations in Physic Education has increased dramatically while the Malaysian share is well ranked